Standard Wireline Data Processing

 

 

IODP logging contractor: USIO/LDEO

Hole: U1352B

Expedition: 317

Location: Canterbury Basin (SW Pacific Ocean)

Latitude: 44° 56.2558' S

Longitude: 172° 1.3630' E

Logging date: December 4-5, 2009

Sea floor depth (driller's): 354.6 m DRF

Sea floor depth (logger's): 355.5 m WRF (APS/HLDS/GPIT/HNGS)

Total penetration:  1185.5 m DRF (830.9 m DSF)

Total core recovered: 614.3 m ( 74 % of cored section)

Oldest sediment recovered: late Pliocene

Lithology:  mud, sandy mud, and muddy sand

 

 

Data

 

The logging data was recorded by Schlumberger in DLIS format. Data were processed at the Borehole Research Group of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in December 2009.

 

Logging Runs

Tool string
Pass
Top depth (m WMSF) Bottom depth (m WMSF) Pipe depth (m WMSF) Notes
1.DIT/APS/HLDS/HNGS
Downlog
0
486
82

Invalid HLDS

Repeat
414.5
486
Open hole
Main
0
483.5
81
Reference
2.FMS/DSI/GPIT/HNGS
Downlog
69
440
81
Calipers closed
Pass 1
125
409.5
Open Hole
Pass 2
73.5
440
81.7

 

 

The hole was drilled to a total depth of 830.9 m DSF and then conditioned for logging by sweeping for few hours with 50 bbl of sepiolite/attapulgite mud. Due to recovery operations at the last site, mud supplies on the ship were limited, so it was decided to displace this hole with seawater rather than logging mud. The logging operations began with the DIT/APS/HLDS/GPIT/HNGS tool string for three passes, followed by the FMS/DSI/GPIT/HNGS tool string for three passes as well. Since the sea state was relatively calm with a peak-to-peak heave of ~ 0.4 m or less, the wireline heave compensator was not used.

 

The depths in the table are for the processed logs (after depth shift to the sea floor and depth matching between passes). Generally, discrepancies may exist between the sea floor depths determined from the downhole logs and those determined by the drillers from the pipe length. Typical reasons for depth discrepancies are ship heave, wireline and pipe stretch, tides, and the difficulty of getting an accurate sea floor from a 'bottom felt' depth in soft sediment.

 

 

Processing

 

Depth shift to sea floor and depth match. The original logs were first shifted to the sea floor based on the logger's sea floor depth of - 355.5 m WRF. The sea floor depth was determined by the step in gamma ray values observed on the DIT/APS/HLDS/GPIT/HNGS main pass. The depth-shifted logs were then depth-matched to those of DIT main pass (reference).

 

Depth matching is typically done in the following way. One log is chosen as reference (base) log (usually the total gamma ray log from the run with the greatest vertical extent and no sudden changes in cable speed), and then the features in the equivalent logs from the other runs are matched to it in turn. This matching is performed manually. The depth adjustments that were required to bring the match log in line with the base log are then applied to all the other logs from the same tool string.

 

Environmental corrections. The HNGS and HLDS data were corrected for hole size during the recording. The APS and HLDS data were corrected for standoff and hole size respectively during the recording.

 

High-resolution data. Bulk density (HLDS) data were recorded at sampling rates of 2.54 cm in addition to the standard sampling rate of 15.24 cm. The enhanced bulk density curve is the result of Schlumberger enhanced processing technique performed on the MAXIS system onboard. While in normal processing short-spacing data is smoothed to match the long-spacing one, in enhanced processing this is reversed. In a situation where there is good contact between the HLDS pad and the borehole wall (low-density correction) the results are improved, because the short spacing has better vertical resolution.

 

Acoustic data. The dipole shear sonic imager (DSI) was operated with P&S monopole, Upper Dipole, and Lower Dipole modes. The P&S monopole was run in standard frequency mode during Pass 1. Medium frequency modewas used during the downlog and Pass 2. The upper dipole was run in standard frequency mode in all three passes while the lower dipole was run in low frequency mode. Because of the slow formation, the automatic picking of wave arrivals in the sonic waveforms did not provide consistently reliable results. Reprocessing of all the original waveforms was performed to validate the original data or extract meaningful compressional and shear velocities. The most reliable shear velocity value is the one derived from the lower dipole (VS1), where the lower source frequency used generated more cohert waveforms.

 

Quality Control

 

The quality of the data is assessed by checking against reasonable values for the logged lithologies, by repeatability between different passes of the same tool, and by correspondence between logs affected by the same formation property (e.g. the resistivity log should show similar features to the sonic velocity log).

Gamma ray logs recorded through bottom hole assembly (BHA) and drill pipe should be used only qualitatively because of the attenuation of the incoming signal. The thick-walled BHA attenuates the signal more than the thinner-walled drill pipe.

Hole diameter was recorded by the hydraulic caliper on the HLDS tool (LCAL) and by the FMS tool (C1 and C2). A wide (>12") and/or irregular borehole affects most recordings, particularly those that require eccentralization and a good contact with the borehole wall (HLDS). The caliper logs indicate that the upper part of the borehole (above 150 m WMSF) was washed out to the degree (>14-19") where it may have adversely affected the tool response. Thus, density and porosity logs in this depth interval should be used with caution.

 

A null value of -999.25 may replace invalid log values.

 

Additional information about the drilling and logging operations can be found in the Operations and Downhole Measurements sections of the expedition reports, Proceedings of the Integrated Drilling Program, Expedition 317. For further questions about the logs, please contact:

 

Cristina Broglia

Phone: 845-365-8343

Fax: 845-365-3182

E-mail: Cristina Broglia

 

Tanzhuo Liu

Phone: 845-365-8630

Fax: 845-365-3182

E-mail: Tanzhuo Liu